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A central nervous system injury is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for young people throughout the U.S. and the rest of the world. In 1998 alone, 148,000 Americans died from different central nervous system injuries. The central nervous system is made up of the brain and the spinal cord. When a central nervous system injury has been sustained, immediate management of patients must be implemented in order to prevent secondary injuries.
The central nervous system injury can be suffered alone or among multiple traumas. Birth traumas include any injuries to the infant resulting from mechanical forces during the process of birth. Although significant birth injury occurs in just a small percentage of infants, if a central nervous system injury is suffered, the infant''s life can be forever altered. In general, larger than average sized infants are more susceptible to suffering a birth trauma.
Throughout the years, the decrease in infant mortality resulting from birth traumas like a central nervous system injury has been attributed in part to technological advances. The ability to identify birth trauma risk factors with the use of ultrasonography and fetal monitoring can help determine the best birth delivery method that carries the least risk for the mother and infant. The birthing process involves compression, contractions, torques and traction, and in the event that there are increased risk factors for a more complicated delivery, including fetal size, presentation and other events, birth trauma and possible central nervous system injury because of the additional force can require extra care.
The brain functions to receive nerve impulses from the spinal cord and cranial nerves. A central nervous system injury to the spinal cord, which contains the nerves that carry messages between the brain and the body, can mean damage to the cells within the spinal cord or when the tracts of nerves that run up and down the spinal cord are severed. Prompt classification of the central nervous system injury is crucial to providing appropriate and immediate care. A central nervous system injury can be classified into cranial or spinal injury, closed or penetrating injury or another type of injury.
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